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It is an age-dependent biological state characterised by reduced resistance to stress, secondary to the cumulative decline of several physiological systems and related to comorbidity, disability, risk of institutionalisation and mortality.
Recognising the biological characteristics of age-related frailty and understanding its pathophysiological determinants has been the focus of gerontological research in recent years; in particular, research has concentrated on identifying biological markers that allow screening for frailty at an early stage when the possibilities for prevention and intervention are most likely to succeed.
The condition of frailty from the clinical point of view is one that is characterised by:
Stress, acute and chronic, depression, decreased protein and micronutrient intake in the diet can trigger and accelerate frailty.
To diagnose frailty in the elderly, specific parameters can be determined, such as:
Fragility is observed when at least 3 of the 5 items are present. When 1 or 2 items are present it can be considered pre-frail.
Sarcopenia is considered to be the main element of frailty. It is the most important multidimensional functional clinical complication of malnutrition in the geriatric age; it is a syndrome characterised by the progressive and generalised loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, resulting in a situation of individual fragility. It is a powerful risk factor for the development of adverse health-related events in the elderly, such as the risk of falls and fractures, inability to perform daily activities, disability and poor quality of life.
Several mechanisms may be involved in a subject with sarcopenia. By recognising these and their underlying causes, it is easy to envisage the design of intervention studies aimed at counteracting the progress of this disease.
Several endogenous and exogenous factors can influence the body’s ability to maintain protein homeostasis:
On the basis of the clinical and instrumental assessment, a treatment plan is set up consisting of:
Fragility is observed when at least 3 of the 5 items are present. When 1 or 2 items are present it can be considered pre-frail.
DMMF FOORDAR PHARMA product for the frail elderly and their diseases: MIOAMIN SILVER, Special Medical Purpose food based on amino acids and vitamins.
Thanks to its specific composition of amino acids, with a high concentration of branched amino acids, and the addition of arginine, vitamins (B1, B6, C, D), zinc and HMB, it is suitable for the dietary management of malnourished subjects or those at risk of malnutrition; it increases lean mass, enhances muscle strength and reduces the healing time of surgical wounds and pressure ulcers.
Cachexia is a degenerative disease that involves the loss of both adipose tissue and skeletal muscle mass, leading to anorexia, weight loss, fatigue, impaired neurological and motor function, and reduced survival time.
Cachexia can be an expression of several conditions:
The etiology of cancer cachexia is complex and involves not only reduced nutrient intake, but also tumor-induced metabolic alterations, including increased resting energy expenditure; loss of muscle mass, resulting from increased proteolysis and reduced protein synthesis; loss of fat mass due to increased lipolysis; reduced dietary intake of energy substrates, as a result of symptoms such as anorexia, nausea, and vomiting; difficult utilization of newly formed glucose due to hypoinsulinemia and/or peripheral insulin resistance; oxidative stress, resulting in DNA damage to membrane lipoproteins and central enzymes and coenzymes that regulate major cellular metabolic pathways.
There are secondary causes, such as alterations in the integrity and function of the gastro-intestinal tract, intestinal malabsorption from post-surgical syndromes, toxicity of chemotherapy treatments, uncontrolled pain and depression.
The characteristic features of neoplastic cachexia are commonly weight loss (especially of muscle mass) and inflammation. They are associated with the symptoms of the cachectic patient such as asthenia, anorexia, anaemia, fatigue, which contribute to the complex clinical picture and to the impairment of the patient’s quality of life.
The treatment of cachexia must take into account the patient’s prognosis and the presence of uncontrolled symptoms (nausea, vomiting, constipation, pain, etc.). The type of approach and objectives vary depending on the degree of severity of cachexia. Attention to nutritional aspects is of considerable importance for the prevention of weight loss and cachexia, and should therefore be implemented as early as possible. Treatment of pre-cachexia is based on: dietary counselling; control of concomitant symptoms; possible administration of nutritional supplements (supplements of minerals, vitamins, but also omega-3 fatty acids and amino acids) with anti-inflammatory active ingredients (anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity counteracts the metabolic changes that characterise cachexia and the associated weight loss). Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version) In cachexia, treatment should be aimed at recovering body weight and muscle mass or, subordinately, at avoiding further deterioration. A state of pre-cachexia may complicate surgery or make it impossible to maintain adequate preoperative medical treatment.
Mioamin Effe is a new proposal and new composition (formulation) in the world of Supportive Care for immunocompromised patients, in chronic degenerative diseases and in oncology to combat the fatigue (Cancer Related Fatigue) of neopastic patients undergoing major surgery and cycles of chemo-radiotherapy that sometimes have to be interrupted or repeated because of the inevitable and disabling side effects.
It consists of a unique and innovative blend of ingredients that work synergistically – with optimal treatment compliance – to increase body weight, lean mass and muscle strength to improve the quality of life of neoplastic, immunocompromised and chronically degenerative patients.
It is therefore not a simple supplement, but more correctly a ‘physiological modulator’ notified and approved for ‘the dietary treatment of malnourished subjects with severe anabolic and protein deficiency’.
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